Apparatus for actuating liquid with compressed gas.



No. 664,723. Patented Dec. 25, I900. R. -CONBADER.

APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING LIQUID WITH COMPRESSED GAS.

(Application filed Aug. 28, 1699.) '(No Ilodel.) a Sheets-:Sheet 1 Maw/MM. 2i fiiij ATTORNEY.

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. Patented. Dec. 25,, I900; R. CONRADEB. v APPARATUS ACTUATING LIQUID WTH COMPRESSED GAS.

[Appiicsiion flleii Aug. 28, 1899.)

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(No Model.)

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No. 664,723. Patented 050.25, I900.

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APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING LIQUID WITH CO MPRESSED GAS;

(Application filed Aug. 28. 1899.!

(No Model.)

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liquid from the third chamber. pansive force of the motor or actuating gas UNITED STATES l ATENT OFFI E.

RUDOLPH CONRADER, OF ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA;

APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING LIQUID WITH COMPRESSED GAS:

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 664,723, dated December as, i906.

Application filed-August 28, 1899. Serial No. 728,718; (No model.)

T0 at whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUDOLPH CONRADER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Erie, in the county of Erie and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Actuating Liquid with Compressed Gas; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to apparatus for actuating liquid with compressed gases; and it consists in certain improvements in the construction thereof, as will be hereinafter fully described, and pointed out in the claims.

A leading object of my invention is to util ize the expansive force of gases to the fullest extent possible in actuating liquids. My apparatus is peculiarly planned with this in View.

in carrying out my invention in its preferred form I utilize a series of pump-chambers, which are ordinarilyarranged one above another, the lowest of said chambers being positioned to be filled with the liquid to be actuated. The gas under pressure is utilized to expel the liquid from said chamber to the second of said chambers, and then the gassupply is cut oif from the first chamber and a gas connection is opened between the first and second chambers, whereby the expansive force of gas in the first chamber is utilized to expel the liquid from the second chamber. The lifts of the chambers when used in the ordinary form, as above described, must be arranged so that the expansive force of the gas in the first chamber will be sufficient to expel the liquid from the second chamber. Carrying my invention further, a third chamber may be added, into which the liquid is conducted from the second chamber, and the expansive force of the gases in the first and second chambers may be utilized to expel the Thus the exmay be utilized until the number of lifts possible is attained, being dependent upon the initial pressure of motor-gas. After the expansive force of theinitial supply of motor-gas is exhausted a new series of chambers may be added, taking up the liquid from the last of the first series and subjecting it to a fresh supply of motor-gas. By this arrangement a given lift can be accomplished with a smaller pressure of motor-gas.

Among other features of my invention may be stated generally valve mechanisms ar ranged to effect the movements of actuatinggas through the local action of the liquids and gases at the chambers, asystem of overflowing devices which will permit the complete filling of the system without blocking the movement of any of the other parts of the system, and various details of construction, which will appear more fully in the specification and claims.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, as follows:

Figure 1 shows an outline elevation of the apparatus. Fig. 2 shows a detailed view of the actuating-gas valve on the lines 2 2 in Figs. 3, 4, and 5. Fig. 3 is a section on the lines 3 3 in Figs. 2, 4, and 5. Fig. 4 is a section on the lines 4 4 in Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 5 is a section on the lines 5 5 in Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 6 is a central section on the lines 6 6 in Fig. 7 through the valve mechanism of the low-pressu re chamber. Fig. 7 is a section on the lines 7 7 in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a central section on the lines 8 8 in Fig. 9 of the overflow-valve arranged on the l ow-pressure chamber. Fig. 9 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 10 is a central section on the lines 10 10 of the d rain-val ve of the last low-pressure chamber in the series. Fig. 11 is a plan view of the same.

A marks the high-pressure chamber of the first series; a, the high-pressure chamber of the second series; A, the first low-pressure chamber of the first series, A the second lowpressure chamber of the first series, and a the first low-pressure chamber of the second series.

B marks the inlet-valve for liquid to the chamber A; B, the inlet-valve to the chamber A; B the inlet-valve to the chamber A b, the inlet-valve to the chamber a; b, the inletvalve for the chamber a, and O, G, 0 and c the connections between the chambers A, A, A a, and a, respectively, the said connections running through the inlet-valve just hereinbefore described. An outlet 0 extends from the chamber a.

' trolling the flow of gas from the chambers a.

F and F mark the pipe forming the gas connection between the chambers A and A and A and A respectively.

F marks the gasexhaust pipe from the chamber A f the pipe forming the gas connection between the chambers a and ct, and f the exhaust-pipe from the chamber ct.

G, G and g mark the overflow-valves, arranged on the low-pressure chambers.

H marks the drain-valve for the last of the low-pressure chambers of the first series; It, a pipe forming the connection with the highpressnre chamber at for conveying and actuating fluid to the valve. H and H mark the pipe forming the connections between the chamber A and the valve H through which the surplus liquid in the chamber A may be drained.

By reference to Fig. l the operation of the device may be generally described as follows:

7. Liquid enters by any means, preferably by gravity, the initial or high pressure chamber A. As soon as this chamber is filled with liquid the liquid operating through the medium of a float (shown in dotted lines) actuates the valve mechanism E to open the connections to the gas supply through the pipe D and close the connection with the chamber A through the pipe F. A check-valve in the valve mechanism B prevents the outflow of liquid through the passage by which it enters the chamber A and turns the liquid as it is expelled by the gas supplied through the pipe D into the pipe 0, through which it is conveyed into the chamber A. All the chambers are preferably made of the same size, so that the liquid expelled from the chamber A will exactly fill the chamber A. As soon as the chamber A becomes emptied the weight of the float actuates the valve mechanism E to close the connection with the pipe D and to open the connection with the pipe F. The check in the valve mechanism B prevents the return flow of the liquid from the chamber A to the chamber A. A float (shown in the dotted lines in the chamber A) actuates, when said chamber is filled with liquid, the valve mechanism E to close the connection with the pipe F. The expansive force of the gas in the chamber A operating through the pipe F upon the liquid in the chamber A expels the liquid in the chamber A, through the pipe 0, into the chamber A The action of the float in the chamber A as soon as said chamber is emptied of liquid operates upon the valve mechanism E to open the connection between the chamber A, through the pipe F, with the chamber A A check-valve in the valve mechanism B prevents a return flow of the liquid from the chamber A A float in the chamber A actuates the valve mechanism E to close the exhaust through the pipe F The liquid in the chamber A is then subjected to the expansive force of the gases contained in the chambers A and A. This force expels the liquid from thechamber A through the pipe O into the chamber a. As soon as liquid hasbeen expelled from the chamber A the float in said chamber actuates the valve E to open said chamber to the exhaust F. This exhausts the gases from the chambers A, A, and A The fresh sup-. ply of liquid then enters the chamber A and the operation just described is repeated. The

operation in the first series is repeated in the second series in substantially the same manner, the valve mechanism 6 being similar to the valve mechanism E, the valve mechan ism 6 being similar to the valve mechanism E, and valves 12 and I) being similar to the valves B and B, the pipe connections operating in substantially the same way.

For economical operation of the apparatus it is desirable that the lift from the high-pressure chambers should be as greatas the gas- 7 pressure will effect, because the chamber will be filled with gas at this pressurein any event. The lift of the low-pressure cylinders will have to be somewhat less in order that the expansive force of. the gas may expel the liquid from them. Thus if the lift between the charm bers A and A is one hundred feet the lift between the chambers A and A should be fifty feet, because the gas-pressure after expanding to fill both chambers A and A from an' original volume equal to the capacity of the chamber A will be just one-half its original no T be complete and efiective if the connectingpipes of the system were filled with liquid be 7 fore the operation commenced, so that there would be no clearance or other disturbing elements to be taken into consideration. It will readily be seen, however, that in the initial operation of the apparatus the liquid contained in the chamber A will not fill the chamber A, together with the connection formed by the pipe 0.. The liquid will therefore be entirely expelled from the chamber A before the chamber A is filled. The float operating in the chamber A therefore will not have closed the valve E when the valve E opens the connection between the chamber A and the chamber A, so that the gas from the chamber A passes directly through the chamber A, the valve E, the pipe F, and valve E out the exhaust. This permits of a sufficient reduction in pressure in the chamber A to admit of a fresh supply of liquid through the valve B. When the chamber A is again filled, the liquid actuates through the float the valve E and closes the connection through the pipe F and opens the connection with the gas-supply, so that a second chamber full of liquid is expelled from the chamber A through the pipe 0 into the chamber A. Now if the chamber A is filled before the chamber A is emptied in order to allow the complete emptying of the chamber A with a corresponding exact filling of the chamber A an overflow-valve G is arranged, through which the surplus liquid forced into the chamber A may pass. Check-valves B B B 17 and b are provided in the liquid-connecting pipes C C C and c c to prevent a return flow of liquid from said pipes. By this arrangement it will readily be seen that after the initial operation just described the liquid expelled from the chamber A will exactly fill the chamber A with each operation and without overflow, as the chambers are of the same size and the con necting-passages remain filled throughout the operation. An overflow-valve Gr operates on the chamber A in substantially the same way as the overflow G operates on the chamber A.

In the passage of the liquid from the chamber A to the chamber a the same diificulty may be experienced in starting the apparatus as might be experienced between the chambers A and Athat is, the passage formed by the pipe 0 taking from the supply of liquid expelled from the chamber A may prevent the complete filling of the chamber C6, and consequently there would be no operation in the chamber ct until a second volume of liquid from the chamber A was forced in to the chamber a. As soon as the valve-chamber ais filled with water the valve 6 is opened, allowing the actuating gas to enter into the chamber, and subjects the liquid therein to this pressure, so that of course no further movement of the liquid from the chamber A would be effected until the entire series above the chamber a were emptied, so as to form an exhaust for the gas in said chamber, and thus permit the remainingliquid in the chamber A to be lifted in the chamber a. During all this time the apparatus comprising the lower series of chambers would be idle. To obviate this, I have arranged the valve H with the pipe H connecting it with the chamber A and a pipe h, conmeeting it with the chamber a. The valve H is arranged to be operated by pressure exerted through the pipe h, so that as soon as the pressure incident to the motor-gas is exerted through the pipe 72 the valve H is immediately opened, and this allows the water which is still subjected to gas-pressure in the chamber A to pass out through the pipe H 111 this manner the entire apparatus may be put into working operation and work contin uously thereafter without the active operation either of the valves G, G g, or H; but if there is any discrepancy or leakage, so as to prevent the continued operation when this disturbance has suific'iently accumulated after a sufficient number of operations to prevent the continued normal operation of the device, it is corrected by these means, as described.

I have provided a preferable valve mechanism for accom plishiug the purposes of the valve mechanism E and e, which maybe described as follows: A valvedome I is ar-' ranged on the tops of the high-pressure chamhere. A valve-casing I is secured in said dome by passing the fittings D and F through the top of the dome and screwing them into the valve-casings I, as shown in Fig. 2. The valve-fitting D connects with the pipe Dand the fitting F connects with the pipe F. The fitting D enters a supply-chamber 't', and the fitting F extends from an exhaust-chamber 71. Between these chambers is a cylinder 1", and at one side of the cylinder 6 is a valvemotor valve-chambert' The valve J is placed in the supply-chamber v1 and is formed, much as ordinary check-valves are, with a spiderj extending through the opening in the bottom of said chamber. A stud j extends from the spiderj through a cross-head L, to which it is secured by a nutj The exhaust-valve K is fitted in an opening in the lower part of the exhaust-chamber i and is provided with the spider k, which forms the guide for the valve, and the stud 7a, which passes through the cross-head L and to which it is secured by a nut R The valve J is closed by a movement of the cross-head L in a downward direction, and the valve K is opened by the same movement. On the other hand,the valve J is opened by an upward movement of the cross-head, while the valve K is closed by the same movement. To the center of the crosshead is attached a piston-rod m, which passes through a stufiing-box i into the cylinder and is secured to the piston M, which is placed in said cylinder. A port-4L leads from the upper end of the cylinder i into the valvechest 2' and a port 1' leads from the lower end of said cylinder into said chest. A port 2' leads from the upper end of the supplychamber 2' into the upper part of the valvechest i and a port i leads from the central .part of said chest into the exhaust-chamber 't. A valve N is arranged in the valve-chest and is of the piston-valve variety,having the enlarged ends n n, which make a close fit, by means of the usual rings, with the walls of the valve-chest. It has also the valve-passage n between said enlargements and a central opening n extending from end to end.

At the lower end of said valve is a spider, to

which is secured a valve-rod N. I The top of the Valve-chest t is provided with a cap i through which leads a tube i A lubricant may be introduced through the tube 11 The lower end of the chest 2' is closed by the'head 2'". This head forms a guide for the stem N. The general operation of this part of the mechanism is as follows: Theliquid entering the chamber A operates through a float upon the valve N and raises it, so that the valvepassage 02 is brought over the port i and the lower. end of the valve is above the port 2'. Compressed gas entering from the supplychamber 11 through the passage 2' passes through the passage 17, in the center of the valve through the port i below the piston M, and as the piston M is of greater area than the valve J it immediately lifts the valve J from its seat and closes the valve K. The

. valve N remains in this position until it is reversed by the action of the float reaching the bottom of the chamber, so that compressed gas is allowed to pass through the supply 1' into the chamber A until all the liquid in thev chamber A is expelled. The action of' the float then reverses the valve N, bringing the valve-passage n over the port 2' and the top of the valve below the port 2' Compressed gas then passes from the chest 2' into the upper end of the cylinder '5 and. immediately forces the piston M down. This closes the valve J and opens the valve K, thus closing the connection to. the fresh gas-supply and opening the connection between the-chamber A and the chamber A.

The float mechanism is as follows: Secured to the valve-rod N is a yoke O, and to this;

yoke O is secured a float-rod. Q. This floatrod has a shoulder or nut g at its lower end, and the yoke 0 forms a shoulder at the upper end. The float R has a central opening 7*, through which the rod Q passes, so that the float in its movement slides on the rod Q. The yoke O has an opening or slot 0 through it, in which is arranged a rounded end 10 of an arm 10, which is pivoted at p, and has a counterweight P at its opposite end. The counterweight is intended to be of sufficient heft to slightly overcome by its weight the weight of the valve N, yoke O, and rod Q and connected parts when tilted by the action of the float on the yoke 0; but it is not so heavybut that the weight of the float B when it reaches the bottom of the chamber upon the shoulder q will draw the valve down, raising the weight P to its upright position. The weight P is not of sufficient weight or at least is not so arranged in relation to the pivot 19 to move the valve except when given theinitial movement by the float R. It will readily be seen that the action of the float upon the shoulder g at one end and the yoke O at the other end, together with the weighted arm, will give to the valve the operation just hereinabove described.

The valve E, and with it the valves E and 6, may be described as follows: A dome S is securedto the upper end of the tank A. In

this is. the threaded opening F into which leads the pipe F. The opening F is at all times in communication with the chamber. A. The valve-case T. is secured to the. dome by passing a threaded portion through an opening in the top of the dome and screwing it into the valve-cage T, arranged within. the dome. The valve-case is closed at. itsupper end by a. cover T which screws down on the upper end of the case, and provided with the opening F which leads into the pipe F. The

valve-case is provided at its lower end with a '7 valve-seat t. cage T and has a face adapted to fit onthe seat t. Extending upwardly from the valve, through the opening in the valve-seat, is-v a cylindrical extension to, at theupper end of which is secured aplunger U. An opening a is arranged in the upper end of thisplun: ger, which is adapted to be opened andclosed by a valve U The valve'U is-provided with a ribbed stem U which extends through the. cylindrical extension u, ending in ashoulder n at the lower end. Extending downwardly from'the valve is a cage U having a bottom 11/ screwed therein, and tensioned against thisbottom and'the shoulder a is a spring 11, Openings 1& are; provided in. they cage U The valve Uis arranged in the' which allow a passage of gas by the ribbed stem U through the cylindrical or sleeve-like extension n, by the valve U through. the.

opening it into the chamber above theplunger U. Afloat-rod U is secured to the stem this valve is as follows: Starting with the.

chamber A empty, the float V will rest on the. shoulder U and the valve U, being free from. the action of the pressure, will be drawn ofi' its seat by the weight of the float V acting; through the spring 20 As the chamber fills. with liquid the gas displaced by the liquid passesup by the valveU out of theopening E into the next chamber orthrough the exhau st. When the floatViscarriedup against the shoulder U" by the incoming liquid, it carries with it the valve U and seats it on the seatt. This should occur just previous to the. operation of the valve mechanism E, so. that the incoming gas from the lower chamber. through the opening 13 is not allowed to escape by the valve U.- As the expansion of the- The area! gas from the chamber A expels the liquid' from the chamber A its pressure on the valve. U holds it to its seat. When the liquid has reached the bottom chamber A, the float, acte ing on the shoulder U overcomes the spring. 14 and the valve U being of but small area, is readily unseated by the weight of the float. This allows the gas under pressure to passup through the sleeve-like extension to and opening it into i he chamber above the plunger U, and this gas being of a pressure equal to that below the valve U the pressure of the gas upon the plunger U", it being of larger area,

immediately opens the valveU and allows the gas to pass up through said valve and out of the opening F into the pipe F.

The overflow-valve G (also G and g) is as follows: It is provided at the top and bottom with openings F and F to which the connections are made with the pipe F. Within the valve-chamber G is placed a plunger X, which is of such size to close but readily slide in the upper part of the case G. Suspended from the plunger X is a cage X, on which is a valve 00. The valve at covers the opening g" and fits on a seat g It is provided with guides 00, which extend through the opening g. The cage X is open to the chamber G and within this cage is placed a float X An opening 013 is arranged in the upper side of the plunger X, and the float X is provided with a valve-surface 00 on its upper end, which is adapted to seat against the plunger X to close the opening m hen the water rises in the chamber above the level of the float X it is immediately raised by the liquid, so as to close the opening The plunger X is then subjected to the pressure of the liquid, whatever that may be, and this immediately lifts the valve :1: from its seat,- thus allowing the excess of liquid to escape through the opening g. As soon as the gas under pressure is admitted through the pipe F and opening F the float X is pressed off its seat and the plunger X falls to its place and is seated by the pressure.

The drain-valve mechanism H comprises a case H, having an opening H to which is connected a pipe H and an opening h, to which is connected a pipe h. A plunger or plug W is placed in the upper end of the chamber and subjected to the force of the spring W A stem to extends downwardly from this plunger and is provided at its lower end with a nut 10, against which is arranged a washer 10 A fibrous washer to is secured in place by this washer 10 and a plate 20. A nut 10 on the end of the stem w holds all these parts in place and forms a valve W, which is pressed by the spring W against the seat 10. An opening W passes through the lower end of the chamber H and is closed by this valve W. A spring is arranged against the plunger W and is of sufilcient strength to hold the valve W closed against the head in the pipe h, but is not of sufficientstrength to withstand the pressure incident to the original gas-supply to which the liquid in the chamber a is subjected, so that While the chamber a is being emptied the valve \V is held open, allowing any surplus which remains in the chamber A to drain off. As soon as the chamber a is emptied and the pressure of the gas therein lessened by expansion sufficient to fill the chamber a this spring W to close the valve W. v

pressure is sufficiently reduced to permit the By this arrangement the opening and closing of the drain-valve is so timed that no Waste takes place except when required to correct the operation of the apparatus.

It will readily be understood that this apparatus may be used for forcing liquids on the level, and in that case the lift would be I the. friction of the liquid upon the walls of the passages through which it was forced. The operation would be substantially the same, except that. there would be greater Waste through the length of the gas connecting-pipes, as F. I do not wish tobe understood, therefore, to limit myself to an arrangement of chambers one above the other by the use of the term lift.

In the broader phases of myinvention it is not necessary that the lift from the initial chamber, as A, should be expelled into the succeeding chamber, as A; but, on the other hand, the operation of the chambers A and A may be in a measure independent of each other.

I do not claim, broadly,in this application the opening of a connection between the two pum p-chambers during a closure of the connection of the source of motor-fluid supply, as this in its broadest form is comprised in the claims of the copending application, Serial No. 666,729, filed January 14, 1898, for Apparatus for actuating fluid under pressure. Neither do I claim, broadly, the combination of a chamber, means for admitting fluid to be actuated to said chamber, means for conducting the fluid actuated from said chamber, a valve-motor, a valve-chest, a connection between said valve-motor and said chest, a connection between said chest and said chamber independent of the connection between the valve-motor and the chest, and a connection between said chest and asource of motor-fluid supply, and valve mechanism contained in said chest and arranged to control the movement of motorfluid to said chamberand to the valve-motor, as this is comprised in my other application, Serial No. 666,729; nor, in an apparatus for actuating fluid under pressure, the combination of a pump-chamber, a valvemotor, a valve-chest, connections between said valve-chest and the pump-chamber, the valve-motor, and a source of motor-fluid supply, of a main valve arranged to be actuated by said valve-motor and to control the movement of motor fluid to the pump-chamber, and an auxiliary valve contained in said chest for actuating the valve-motor, as this is comprised in my application Serial No. 666,729.

What I claim as new is ,1. In an apparatus for actuating liquid with compressed gas, the combination of two pump-chambers arranged to bring the liquid to be actuated and the actuating-gas into contact within said chambers; a connection leading from one of said chambers to a source IIO of gas-supply; an independent gas connection between said chambers; means for admitting a liquid to each of said chambers;

'the connection to the gas-supply during a closure of the connection between said chambers, and to govern the connection between said chambers so as to maintain an opening between them during a closure of the connection to the source of gas-supply, and during the emptying of the liquid from the second of said chambers.

2. In an apparatus for actuating liquids with compressed gases, the combination of two pump-chambers arranged to bring liquid to be actuated and actuating-gas into contact within said chambers; aconnection leading from the first of said chambers toa source ofgassu pply an independent gas connection between said chambers; a liquid connection between said chambers; means for admitting liquid to the first of said chambers; means for conducting the actuated liquid from the second of said chambers; and automaticallyactuated valve mechanism controlling the movement of gas arranged to open the connection to the gas-supply during the closure and to govern the connection between said chambers so as to maintain an opening between them during a closure of the connection to the source of gas-supply and during the emptying of the second of said chambers.

33. In an apparatus for actuating liquid with compressed gas, the combination of two pu m pchambers of the same size arranged to bring the liquid to be actuated and the actuatinggas into contact within said chambers; a connection leading from one of said chambers to a source of motor-gas supply; an independent gas connection between said chambers; means for admitting a liquid to each of said chambers; means for conducting an actuated liquid from said chambers; and automaticallyactuated valve mechanism controlling the movement of compressed gas, arranged to open the connection to the gas-supply during a closure between said chambers, and to govern the connection between said chambers so as to maintain an opening between them during a closure of the connection to the source of gas-supply, and during the emptying of the liquid from the second of said chambers.

4. In an apparatus for actuating liquids by compressed gas, the combination of a highpressure chamber and a low-pressure chamber arranged to bring the actuating-gas and the liquid to be actuated into contact within said chambers; a connection leading from the high-pressure chamber to a source of gas-supply; means for conducting a liquid to be actuated to each of said chambers; lifts arranged for each of said chambers and proportioned to permit the expulsion of liquid from the low-pressure chamber by the expansive force of the volume of gas in the high-pressure chamber; an independent gas connection between said chambers; and automatically-actuated valve mechanism arranged to open the connection to the gas-supply during a closure of the connection between said chambers to expel the liquid from the high-pressure chamber, and to open the connection between said chambers during a closure of the connection to the gas-supply to allow the expulsion of liquid from the lowpressure chamber by the expansion of gas from the high-pressure chamber.

5. In an apparatus for actuating liquid by compressed gas, the combination of a highpressure chamber and a low-pressure cham-' ber arranged to bring the actuating-gas and the liquid to be actuated into contact Within said chambers; a connection leading from the high-pressure chamber to a source of gas-supply; means for conducting the liquid to be actuated to said high-pressure chamber; an independent gas connection between said chambers; a liquid connection between said chambers; a lift arranged from the low-pressure chamber and in such proportion to the lift incident to the connection between the high-pressure and low-pressure chambers as to permit of the expulsion of the liquid from the low-pressure chamber by the expansion of the gas in the high-pressure chamber; and automatically-actuated valve mechanism arranged to open the connection to the gas-supply'during a closure of the gas connection between said chambers to expel the liquid from the high-pressure chamber and to open the gas connection between said chambers during a closure of the connection to the gassupply to allow the expulsion of the liquid from the low-pressure chamber by the expansion of the gas from the high-pressure chamber.

6. In an apparatus for actuating liquid by compressed gas, the combination of a highpressure chamber and a low-pressure chamber each of the same size arranged to bring the actuating-gas and the liquid to be actuated into contact within said chambers; a connection leading from the high-pressure chamber to a source of gas-supply; means for conductingthe liquid to be actuated to said high-pressure chamber; an independent gas connection between said chambers; a liquid connection between said chambers; a lift ar- Y ranged from thelow-pressure chamber and in such proportion to the lift incident to the nection between said chambers during a closure of the connection to the gas-supply to allow the expulsion of the liquid from the lowpressure chamber by the expansion of the gas from the high-pressure chamber.

7. In an apparatus for actuatingliquid by compressed gas, the combination of a highpressure chamber, a low-pressure chamber, and a second high-pressure chamber arranged to bring the actuating-gas and liquid to be actuated into contact within said chambers; a connection leading from the high-pressure chambers to a source of gas-supply; means for conducting the liquid to be actuated to said high-pressure chamber; a liquid connection leading from the first high-pressure chamber to the low-pressure chamber; a liquid connection leading from the low-pressure chamber to the second high-pressure chamher; an independent gas connection between the first high-pressure chamber and the lowpressure chamber; an automatically-actuated valve mechanism arranged to open the connection of the first high-pressure chamber to the gas-supply during a closure of the connection between the first high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber, and to govern the connection between said chambers so as to maintain an opening between them duringa closure of the connection between the first high-pressure chamber and the source of gas-supply, and during the emptying of the liquid from the low-pressure chamber.

8. In an apparatus for actuating liquid by compressed gas, the combination of a highpressure chamber, a low-pressure chamber, and a second high-pressure chamber arranged to bring the actuatinggas and liquid to be actuated into contact within said chambers; a connection leading from the high-pressure chambers to a source of gas-supply; means for conducting the liquid to be actuated to the first of said highpressure chambers; a liquid connection leading from the first highpressure chamber to the low-pressure chamher; a liquid connection leading from thelowpressure chamber to the second high-pressure chamber, the lift from the low-pressure chamber to the second high-pressure chamber being so proportioned to the lift between the first high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber as to admit of the actuation of the liquid from the low-pressure chamber by the expansion of the from the highpressure chamber; an independent gas connection between the first high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber; and an automatically-actuated valve mechanism arranged to open the connection of-the first highpressure chamber to the gas-supply during a closure of the connection between the first high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber, and to govern the connection between said chambers so as to maintain an opening between them during a closure of the connection between the first high-pressure chamber and the source of gas-supply and during the emptying of the liquid from the low-pressure chamber.

9. In an apparatus for actuating liquids with compressed gases, the combination of two pump-chambers arranged to bring liquid to be actuated and the actuating-gas into contact within said chambers; a liquid connection between said chambers; a valve mechanism for controlling the actuating-gas; and an overflow-valve for allowing the escape of the liquid in excess of filling the second of said chambers from the liquid expelled from the first of said chambers.

10. In an apparatus for actuating liquids with compressed gas, the combination of two pump-chambers,said chambers being of equal size and arranged to bring liquid to be actuated and the actuating-gas into contact within said chambers; a liquid connection between said chambers; a valve mechanism for controlling the actuating-gas; and an overflowvalve for allowing the escape of the liquid in excess of filling the second of said chambers from the liquid expelled from the first of said chambers.

11. In an apparatus for actuating liquids with compressed gas, the combination of two pump-chambers arranged to bring the liquid to be actuated and the actuating-gas into contact within said chambers; a liquid connection for conveying liquid from the first of said chambers to the second of said cham bers; a valve mechanism for controlling the. actuating-gas arranged to be actuated by the movement of the liquid in the first of said chambers; and an overflow-valve for allowing the escape of liquid in excess of filling the second of said chambers from the liquid expelled from the first of said chambers.

12. Inan apparatus for actuating liquids with compressed gas, the combination of two pump-chambers arranged to bring the liquid to be actuated and the actuating-gas into contact within said chambers; a liquid connection between said chambers; a valve mechanism for controlling the actuating-gas; and an automatically-actuated overflow-valve for allowing the escape of the liquid in excess of filling the second of said chambers from the liquid expelled from the first of said chambers.

13, Inan apparatus for actuating liquid with compressed gas, the combination of a high and a low pressure pump-chamber, arranged to bring the liquid to be actuated and the actuating-gas into contact within said chambers; a liquid connection between said chambers arranged to convey a liquid from the high-pressu re chamber to the low-pressure chamber; a gas connection between said chambers; a valve for controlling the movement of the actuatinggas; and an automatically actuated overflow-valve for allowing the escape of liquid in excess of filling the second of said chambers from the liquid expelle from the first of said chambers.

14. In an apparatus for actuating liquid with compressed gas, the combination of a high and a low pressure pump-chamber, each arranged to bring the liquid to be actuated and the actuating-gas into contact within said chamber; a liquid connection between said chambers arranged to convey a liquid from the high-pressure chamber to the low-,pressure chamber; a gas connection between said chambers; a valve device for controlling the actuating-gas to effect the expulsion of the liquid from the high-pressure chamber by the direct pressure of the actuating-gas and the expulsion of the liquid from the second chamher by the expansion of the gas from the first chamber to the second chamber, said valve device being arranged to be actuated by the movement of the liquid .in the first of said chambers; and an automatically actuated overflow-valve mechanism for allowing the escape of liquid in excess of fillingthesecond of said chambers from the liquid expelled from the first of said chambers.

15. In an apparatus for actuating liquids by compressed gas, the combination of two pump-chambers arranged to bring the liquid to be actuated and the actuating-gas into contact within said chambers; a liquid connection between said chambers arranged to convey liquid from the first of said chambers to the secondof said chambers; agas-exhaust valve from the first of said chambers actuated by the movement of the liquid in said chamber; a gas-supply valveon thesecond of said chambers actuated by the movement of the liquid in said chamber; a normallyclosed drain-valve for the first of said chambers; and means actuated with the incoming of actuating-gas in the second of said chambers foropening said drain-valve.

16. In an apparatus for actuating liquids with compressed gas, the combination of a first high pressure chamber, a low pressure chamber and a second high-pressure chamber; a liquid connection between the low-pressure chamber and the second high-pressure chamber; a gas connection between the gas-s upply and the two high-pressure chambers; a gas connection between the first high pressure chamber and the lowpressure chamber; a gas-exhaust valve in the low-pressure chamber arranged to be actuated by the movement of the liquid in said chamber; a valve'mechanism controlling the supply of gas in the second high pressure chamber, said valve mechanism being arranged to be actuated by the movement of the liquid in said chamber; a normally-closed drain valve for the lowpressureichamber; and means actuated with the incoming of act-uating-gas in the second high-pressure chamber for opening said drainvalve.

17. In an apparatus for actuating liquids with compressed gas, the combination of a first high pressure chamber, a low pressure chamber and a second high-pressure chamber; a liquid connection between the low-pressure chamber andthe second high-pressure chamher; a gas connection between the-gas-supply and the two high vpressure chambers; atgas connection between the first high --pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber; agasexhaust valve in the low -pressure chamber arranged to be actuated bythe movementtof the liquid in said chamber; a valve mechanism controlling the supply of gas in thesectond high-pressure chamber, said valve mechanism beingarranged to be actuated .by the movement of the liquid in said chamber; a normally-closed drain-valve for the low-pressure chamber; meansactuated with the incoming of actuating-gas in the second highpressure chamber for opening said drainvalve; and an overflow-valve for allowing the escape of liquid in excess of filling the lowpressure chamber from the liquid expelled from the first high-pressurechamber. V

18. In an apparatus foractuating liquids with compressed'gas, the combination of a first vhigh-pressure chamber, a low pressure 7 chamber-and a second high-pressure chamber; a liquid connection bet-ween the low-pressure chamber and the second high-pressure chamber; a gas connection between the gas-supply and the two high pressure chambers; a gas coming of actuating-gas in the second high- 7 pressure chamber for opening said drainvalve; an overflow-valve for allowing the escape of liquid in excess of filling the low-pressure chamber from the liquid expelled from.

the first high-pressure chamber; and avalve V mechanism for controlling .theflow of'gasto the first high-pressure chamber and fromlthe first high-pressure chamber to thelow-pressure chamber, said valve mechanism'being actuated by the movement of the liquid in said first high-pressure chamber.

19. In an apparatus for actuating liquids with compressed gas, the combinationtot' two 7 pu mp-chambers arranged to bring theliquid to be actuated and the actuating-gas into contact within said chambers; a connection leading from one of said chambers to thegassupply; an independent gas connection between said chambers; means for admitting the liquid to be actuated to each of said chambers during a closure of the connection to the source of gas-supply.

20. In an apparatus for actuating liquid with compressed gas, the combination of a high-pressure and a low-pressure pump-chamber, each arranged to bring the liquid to be actuated and the actuating-gas into contact within said chamber; a connection leading from the high-pressu re chamber to the source of gas-supply; an independent gas connection between said chambers; means for conducu ing a liquid to be actuated to each of said chambers; a valve mechanism automatically actuated by the movement of the liquid for controlling the movement of gas arranged to open the connection to the gas-supply during a closure of the connection between said chambers, and to govern said connection between said chambers so as to maintain an opening between them during a closure of the connection to the source of gas-supply and during the emptying of the liquid from the low-pressure chamber.

21. In an apparatus for actuating liquids with compressed gas, the combination of two pump-chambers arranged to bring the liquid to be actuated and the actuatinggas into contact within said chambers; a connection leading from the first of said chambers to a source of gas-supply; an independent gas connection between said chambers; a liquid connection between said chambers; means for admitting liquid to the first of said chambers; means for conducting the actuated liquid from the second of said chambers; a valve mechanism automatically actuated by the movement of said liquid for controlling the movement of gas arranged to open the connection to the gas-supply during a closure of the gas connection between said chambers and to govern the gas connection between said chambers so as to maintain an opening between them during a closure of the connection to the source of gas-supply and during the emptying of the second of said chambers.

22. In an apparatus for actuating liquids by compressed gas, the combination of a highpressure chamber and a low-pressure chain ber each arranged to bring the actuating-gas and the liquid to be actuated into contact within said chamber; a connection leading from the high-pressure chamber to a source of gas-supply; means for conducting the liquid to be actuated to each of said chambers; lifts arranged for each of said chambers in proportion to permit the expulsion of liquid from the low-pressure chamber by the we pansive force of the volume of gas in the high-pressure chamber; an independent gas connection between said chambers; a valve mechanism automatically actuated by the movement of liquid arranged to open the con nection to the gas-supply during a closure of a connection between said chambers to expel the liquid from the high-pressure chamber, and to open the connection between said chambers during a closure of the connection to the gas-supply to allow the expulsion of liquid from the low-pressurechamber by the expansion of the gas from the high-pressure chamber. v

23. In an apparatus for actuating liquid under pressure the combination of two pumpchambers arranged to bring the liquid to be actuated and the actuating-gas into contact within said chambers; a connection leading from one of said chambers to asource of gassupply; an independentgas connection between said chambers; means for admittinga liquid to each of said chambers; means for conducting actuated liquid from said chambers; automatically-actuated valve mechanism for controlling the movement of compressed gas arranged to open the connection to the gas-snpplyduringa closure of the connection between said chambers and to govern the connection between said chambers so as to maintain an opening between them during a closure of the connection to the source of gas-supply and during the emptying of the liquid from the second of said chambers, and to exhaust the gas from said chambers after the emptying of the second of said chambers.

24. In an apparatus for actuating liquid under pressure the combination of two pumpchambers arranged to bring the liquid to be actuated and the actuating-gas into contact within said chambers; a connection leading from one of said chambers to asource of gassupply; an independent gas connect-ion between said chambers; means for admitting a liquid to each of said chambers; means'for conducting actuated liquid from said chambers; automatically-actuated valve mechanism for controlling the movement of compressed gas arranged to open the connection to the gas-supply during a closure of the connection between said chambers and to govern the connection between said chambers so as to maintain an opening between them during a closure of the connection to the source of gas-supply and during the emptying of the liquid from the second of said chambers and to exhaust the gas from said chambers after the emptying of the second of said chambers, and' to. reopen connection with the gas-supply after the refilling of the first of said chambers during a closure of the gas connection between said chambers.

- 25. In an apparatus for actuating liquid with compressed gas, the combination of two pump-chambers arranged to bring the liquid to be actuated and the actuating-gas into contact within said chambers; a connection leading from one of said chambers to a source of gas-supply; an independent gas connection between said chambers; means for admitting liquid to each of said chambers; means for conducting the actuated liquid from said chambers; valve mechanis m'automatically actuated by the movement of the liquid from the first of said chambers controlling the movement of compressed gas arranged to open IIO the connection to the gas-supply during a clo- 1 sure of the connection between said chambers and to govern the connection between said chambers so as to maintain an opening between them during a closure of the connection to the source of gas-supply, and during the emptying of the liquid from the second of said chambers; and an exhaust-valve actuated by the movement of the liquid in the second of said chambers and arranged to exhaust the gas from said chambers after the emptying of the liquid from the second of said chambers.

26. In an apparatus for actuating liquid with compressed gas, the combination of two pump-chambers arranged to bring the liquid to be actuated and the actuating-gas into contact within said chambers; a connection leading from one of said chambers to a source of gas-supply; an independent gas connection between said chambers; means for admitting the liquid to the first of said chambers when the compressed gas is exhausted from said chambers; valve mechanism automatically actuated by the movement of liquid in the first of said chambers for controlling the movement of compressed gas arranged to open the connection to the gas-supply when said pump has become filled with liquid, and during a closure of the connection between said cham hers and to govern the connection between said chambers so as to maintain an opening between them after the emptying of said first chamber during a closure of the connection to the source of gas-supply and during the emptying of the liquid from the second of said chambers; and an exhaust-valve actuated by the movement of the liquid in the second of said chambers to exhaust the compressed gas from said chamber after the emptying of the liquid from said second chamber.

27. In .an apparatus for actuating liquid with compressed gases, the combination of the pump-chambers, A and A; the checkvalves, B and B, leading to said pump-chamber; liquid connection, 0, leading from the chamber, A, to the chamber, A; a checkvalve, B therein; a supply connection, D; the gas connection, F, between the chambers, A and A; the valve mechanism, E, arranged to control the flow of gas to and irom the chamber, A; a float for actuating said valve mechanism to open the connection between said cham her, A, and the supply-pipe, D, during a closure of the connection through the pipe, F, and to open a connection through the pipe, F, during a closure of the connection through the pipe, D.

28. In an apparatus for actuating liquid with compressed gases, the combination of the pump-chambers, A and A; the checkvalves, B and B, leading to said pump-cham' bers; liquid connection, 0, leading from the chamber, A, to the chamber, A; a checkvalve, B therein; a supply connection, D; the gas connection, F, between the chambers, A and A; the valve mechanism, E, arranged to control the flow of gas to and from the chamber, A; a float for actuating said valve mechanism to open the connection between said chamber, A, and the supply-pipe, D, during a closure of the connection through the pipe, F, and to open a connection through the r pipe, F, during a closure of the connection through the pipe, D; valve mechanism, E, on the chamber, A; and a float for actuating said valve to exhaust the gas in'said chamber after the emptying of said chamber of liquid.

29. In an apparatus for actuating liquid with compressed gas, the combination of the pump-chambers, A and A; the check-valves V V r B and B, leading to said pump-chamber; liq u id connection, 0, leading from the chamber, A, to the chamber, A; a checkvalve B therein; a supply connection, D; the gas connection, F, between the chambers, A and A"; V

the valve mechanism, E, arranged to control the flow of gas to and from the chamber, A;

a float for actuating said valve mechanism to compressed gas, the combination of the valvecase, 1, containing the supply-chamber, i,

having the supply-passage therefrom, an exhaust-chamber, L, having an exhaust-passage thereto, a cylinder, 7/ a valve-motor valvechest, 2' a port, i leading from the su-p'ply- 1 chamber to the valve-chest, a port leading from the valve-chest to the exhaust-chamber,

and ports, 11 and 11 leading from the cylin-' der, 1' to said valve-chest; the valve, J, controlling the passage from the supply-chamher; the valve, K, controlling the passage to the exhaust-chamber; the piston, M, arranged v r in the cylinder, 7?; the piston-rod, m, extending from-said piston; the cross-head, L, secured to the valves, J and K, and rod, m; a valve in said valve-chest for controlling the movement of the gases to and from the ports, 2' and t and means for actuating said valve.

31. In an apparatus for actuating liquids with compressed gas, the combination of a chamber arranged to bring the'liquid to be actuated and the actuating-gas into contact Within said chamber; the valve-case, 1, containing the supply-chamber, 11, having the supply-passage therefrom, an exhaust-cham her, 2'', having an exhaust-passage thereto, a

cylinder, 0?, a valve-motor valve-chest, i a port, 15 leading from the supply-chamber to the valve-chest, a portleading from the valvechest to the exhaust-chamber, and ports, 11 and 71 leading from the cylinder, 0?, to said valve-chest; the valve, J, controlling the passage from he supply-chamber; the valve, K, controlling the passage to the exhaust-chamber; the piston, M, arranged in the cylinder, 3; the piston-rod, m, extending from said piston; the crosshead, L, secured to the valves, J and K, and rod, m; a valve in said valve-chest for controlling the movement of the gas to and from the ports, and i; means for actuating said valve; and a float actuated by the movement of the liquid in said chamber for actuating said valve.

32. In an exhaust-valve mechanism for an apparatus for actuating fluids by compressed gas, the combination of a case having a passage through it, and the valve-seat thereon; a plunger arranged to operate within said case; a valve connected within said plunger and actuated thereby from its seat; an auxiliary valve connecting the gas-supply with the valve-case outside of said plunger, said auxiliary valve having a smaller area than the exhaust-valve; and a float arranged to actuate said valve.

33. In an exhaust-valve mechanism for an apparatus for actuating liquids by compressed gas, the combination of the case, T, having a passage therethrough and a valveseat thereon; the opening, F therein; the plunger,U, arranged in said case; the valve, U, operating upon the seat on said case; a sleeve-like extension, u, connecting the plunger, U, with the valve, U; an auxiliary valve, U operating upon an opening in the plunger; a stem extending from said valve through the sleeve, it; means for normally keeping the valve, U to its seat; a float-rod connected with said stem; and a float arranged on said stem.

34:. In an exhaust-valve mechanism for an apparatus for actuating liquid by compressed gas, the combination of the case, T, having a passage therethrough upon which is a valveseat, 25, and an opening, F the plunger, U, in said case of larger area than the seat, t, and having an opening, to, therein; the valve, U, operating upon the seat, 15; the sleeve, to, connecting the valve, U, with the plunger, U; an auxiliary valve, U operating upon the opening, it; means for normally pressing said valve to its seat; means for limiting the outward movement of the valve,U; a float-rod connected to the stem of the auxiliary valve; and a float arranged to actuate said rod.

35. In an exhaust-valve for an apparatus for actuating liquids by compressed gas, the combination of the fitting, S, having the opening, F therein; the valve-case, T, passed through said fitting, said case having the passage through it around which is a valveseat, 25, and also an opening, F therethrough; a cage T', Within the fitting, S, for securing the case in place; the plunger, U, arranged within the case and having an opening, to, therein, said plunger being of greater area than the passage by the seat, 23; the valve, U, arranged in the cage, T, adapted to be seated on the seat, t; the sleeve, u, connecting the plunger U, with the valve, U; the auxiliary valve U arran ed over the o enin u; the

valve-stem, U extending'from the auxiliary valve through the sleeve, to; the cage, U; the shoulder, M on the stem, U and the spring, 10 tensioned against said shoulder; the floatrod, U connecting with the stem, U3; and the float, D, arranged to operate said rod.

36. In an apparatus for -actuating liquids by compressed gas, the combination with the chamber arranged to bring the actuating-gas and the liquid to be actuated into contact within said chamber; an overflow-valve connected with said chamber comprising a case, passages to said case for a gas-supply, and a valve in said case actuated to allow the escape of liquid from said chamber when said liquid exceeds a certain amount, and to be closed by the gas-pressure when admitted to said chamber. 7

37. In an apparatus for actuating liquids by compressed gas, the combination with the chamber arranged to bring the actuating-gas and the liquid to be actuated into contact within said chamber; an overflow-valve connected with said chamber comprising a case having a passage therethrough for the gassupply, a float-actuated valve therein arranged to be opened by the liquid, and to be closed by the gas-pressure.

38. In an apparatus for actuating liquid by compressed gas, the combination with the chamber arranged to bring the actuating-gas and the liquid to be actuated into contact Within said chamber; an overflow-valve connected with said chamber comprising a case, a plunger in said case having an opening therethrough, a float arranged to close said opening in said plunger, and a valve actuated by said plunger for opening and closing an opening in said case to allow the outflow of excess of liquid.

39. In an apparatus for actuating liquid by compressed gas, the combination with the chamber arranged to bring the actuating-gas and liquid to be actuated into contact within said chamber; an overflow-valve connected with said chamber comprising the case G having the plunger, X, therein, with the opening, :0 therethrough, the cage, X, carried by said plunger and having the valve, 00, thereon, and the float, X having the Valvesurface, 00 thereon arranged within said cage.

40. In an apparatus for actuating liquid by compressed gas, the combination with the chamber arranged to bring the actuating-gas and the liquid to be actuated into contact within said chamber; an overflow-valve connected with said chamber comprising the case, G having the openings, F F and 9 therein, the plunger, X, arranged within said case having the opening, 00 therein, the cage, X, suspended from said plunger and carrying the valve, to, thereon, arranged to operate over the opening, g and the float, X Within said cage having the valve-surface, 00 thereon, adapted to close the opening, x

41. In an apparatus for actuating liquid by compressed gas, the combination of the chambers, A and a; the valve-case, H; the plunger-valve, W, arranged within said case; the spring W tensioned against said plunger; the valve, W, actuated by said plunger; the pipe, h, connecting the plunger end of said case; and the pipe, H connected with said gas below said plunger and above the valve, W.

42. In an apparatus for actuating liquid by compressed gas, the combination ofthe chamber, A, the chamber, A and the chamber, a; a liquid connection between the chamber, A, and the chamber, A a gas connection be tween the chamber, A, and the chamber, A checks in the liquid connections for preventing the return flow of the liquid 5 a liquid connection between the chamber, A and rthe chamber, a; a connection between the chambers, A and a, and the gas-supply; valve mechanism, E and e, on the chambers, A and V a, respectively, said valve mechanism being arranged to be actuated by a float in said 7 chambers; a drain-valve H, connected with the chamber, A the pipe, h, connecting said valve with the chamber, a; and pipe, H connecting said valve with the chamber, A for a r the purposes described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature 

